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Hover over or tap the markers to understand the function of different cockpit areas.

Modern passenger aircraft cockpit with active flight displays and instrumentation
Primary Flight Display (PFD)

Combines critical flight data: attitude (pitch and roll), airspeed, altitude, and heading into one screen for rapid scanning.

Navigation Display (ND)

Shows the aircraft's route, waypoints, weather radar overlays, and surrounding terrain or traffic data.

Engine Indicating & Crew Alerting

Central screen displaying engine parameters (thrust, temperature, fuel flow) and vital system warnings or caution messages.

Control Column / Yoke

Primary manual interface for pitch and roll control. Modern aircraft may use side-sticks instead of traditional center yokes.

Mode Control Panel (MCP)

The interface located under the windshield where pilots configure the autopilot system's speed, heading, and altitude targets.

The Evolution to the Glass Cockpit

Historically, aircraft cockpits were filled with hundreds of individual analog, mechanical gauges ("steam gauges"). This required high cognitive load from crews to monitor physical dials for engine performance, hydraulic pressure, and flight attitude.

The advent of the "glass cockpit" revolutionized aviation. Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs), and later LCD displays, allowed engineers to consolidate vast amounts of data into flexible, digital formats. Flight Management Computers now process raw data and present only the most relevant information to the pilots, utilizing color-coding and digital alerts to enhance situational awareness and safety.

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